A network of computers, also called network computer or computer network, is a set of computers connected by wires, signals, waves or any other method of transporting data, information sharing (files ), resources (CD-ROM , printers, etc.), services (internet access , e-mail, chat , games, etc.). increasing efficiency and productivity of people.
A communications network is a set of technical means of remote communication between autonomous teams (non-hierarchical -master/slave-). Usually it is transmitting data, audio and video by electromagnetic waves through various media (air, vacuum, copper cable, fiber optic cable , etc.).
To simplify the communication between programs (aplicaciUna Intranet is a private network where Internet technology is used as the basic architecture. This is an internal network that is constructed using protocols TCP / IP for Internet communication that can run on many hardware platforms and cable projects. The fundamental hardware itself is not an intranet, are essential software protocols The Intranet can coexist with other technology local area network. In many companies, "legacy systems" available that include mainframe, Novell networks, minicomputers, and various databases are integrated into an intranet using a wide variety of tools.
An example of practical implementation of an intranet is access to databases through its economic Common Gateway Interface (CGI). With the same purpose, the Intranet can also use applications coded in the programming language Java to access databases asset.
Security in an intranet is more complicated to implement, since it is providing security both external and internal users, who are supposed to have permission to use network services.
an intranet or internal network is limited in scope to a single organization or entity. It usually works through services such as communications protocol HTTP, FTP , SMTP, POP3 and other general use.
On an intranet you can have the same Internet services that , but they are only available to users of this private network, not for users in general.ones) of different teams, was defined by OSI Model the ISO , which specifies 7 layers of abstraction . Thus, each layer develops a specific function with a range of servers definido.Tipos
Main article: Server
The following lists are some common types of servers and their purpose.
File server stores various types of file and distribute them to other clients on the network. Server
impressions: controlling one or more printers and accepts print jobs from other clients on the network, queuing print jobs (although it can change the priority of different impressions), and performing most or all other functions on a workstation would be made to achieve a print job if the printer was connected directly to the printer port of the workstation.
mail server: stores, sends, receives, routes and perform other operations related to e-mail to customers of the network.
Fax Server: stores, sends, receives, routes and performs other functions necessary for the transmission, receipt and proper distribution of fax .
telephony server: Performs functions related to telephony, such as the answering machine, performing the functions of an interactive voice response, storing voice messages, routing calls and also controlling the network or Internet; p. eg., entry over IP voice (VoIP), etc.
Proxy: takes a certain type of functions on behalf of other clients on the network to increase the performance of certain operations (eg., Prefetching and upload documents or other data that are requested very frequently). It also serves as security, that is, has a Firewall (firewall). Allows you to manage Internet access on a computer network allowing or denying access to different web sites.
remote access server (RAS) controls the modem lines of monitors or other communication channels of the network so that requests to connect to the network from a remote location, answer incoming phone calls or acknowledge the request of the network and carry out necessary security checks and other necessary procedures to register a user on the network.
use server: Performs the logical part of the computer business or a client, accepting instructions To complete the operations of a workstation and serving the results to turn to the work site, while site work performed by the operator interface or GUI portion of the process (ie, presentation logic) required to work properly.
web server: stored HTML documents, images, text files, scripts, and other Web material consists of data (collectively known as content), and distributing content to customers who request it online.
Backup Server: Backup software is network installed and have large amounts of network storage on hard drives or other storage (tape, etc.). available for use to ensure that the loss of a primary server does not affect the network. This technique is also called clustering. Printers
: Many printers are capable of acting as part of a network of computers without any other device, such as a "print server", to act as an intermediary between the printer and the device is requesting a print job to be finished.
Terminal: many networks use this type of equipment instead of jobs for data entry. In these data only exhibit or introduced. This type of terminal, working against a server, which is the one who actually processes the data and sends display data to the terminals.
Other devices: there are many other types of devices that can be used to build a network, many of which require an understanding of advanced concepts of establishing a computer network before they can be easily understood (eg, cubes , routers, bridges, switches, hardware firewalls, etc.).. In home networks and phones that connect consumer electronics devices such as video game consoles are becoming increasingly common.
Authentication Server: It is responsible for verifying that a user can connect to the network at any point of access, either wired or wireless, basandose en el estándar 802.1x y puede ser un servidor de tipo RADIUS.
Servidor DNS: Este tipo de servidores resuelven nombres de dominio sin necesidad de conocer su dirección IP. se trabaja con estrella, anillo maya,arbol,bus
A communications network is a set of technical means of remote communication between autonomous teams (non-hierarchical -master/slave-). Usually it is transmitting data, audio and video by electromagnetic waves through various media (air, vacuum, copper cable, fiber optic cable , etc.).
To simplify the communication between programs (aplicaciUna Intranet is a private network where Internet technology is used as the basic architecture. This is an internal network that is constructed using protocols TCP / IP for Internet communication that can run on many hardware platforms and cable projects. The fundamental hardware itself is not an intranet, are essential software protocols The Intranet can coexist with other technology local area network. In many companies, "legacy systems" available that include mainframe, Novell networks, minicomputers, and various databases are integrated into an intranet using a wide variety of tools.
An example of practical implementation of an intranet is access to databases through its economic Common Gateway Interface (CGI). With the same purpose, the Intranet can also use applications coded in the programming language Java to access databases asset.
Security in an intranet is more complicated to implement, since it is providing security both external and internal users, who are supposed to have permission to use network services.
an intranet or internal network is limited in scope to a single organization or entity. It usually works through services such as communications protocol HTTP, FTP , SMTP, POP3 and other general use.
On an intranet you can have the same Internet services that , but they are only available to users of this private network, not for users in general.ones) of different teams, was defined by OSI Model the ISO , which specifies 7 layers of abstraction . Thus, each layer develops a specific function with a range of servers definido.Tipos
Main article: Server
The following lists are some common types of servers and their purpose.
File server stores various types of file and distribute them to other clients on the network. Server
impressions: controlling one or more printers and accepts print jobs from other clients on the network, queuing print jobs (although it can change the priority of different impressions), and performing most or all other functions on a workstation would be made to achieve a print job if the printer was connected directly to the printer port of the workstation.
mail server: stores, sends, receives, routes and perform other operations related to e-mail to customers of the network.
Fax Server: stores, sends, receives, routes and performs other functions necessary for the transmission, receipt and proper distribution of fax .
telephony server: Performs functions related to telephony, such as the answering machine, performing the functions of an interactive voice response, storing voice messages, routing calls and also controlling the network or Internet; p. eg., entry over IP voice (VoIP), etc.
Proxy: takes a certain type of functions on behalf of other clients on the network to increase the performance of certain operations (eg., Prefetching and upload documents or other data that are requested very frequently). It also serves as security, that is, has a Firewall (firewall). Allows you to manage Internet access on a computer network allowing or denying access to different web sites.
remote access server (RAS) controls the modem lines of monitors or other communication channels of the network so that requests to connect to the network from a remote location, answer incoming phone calls or acknowledge the request of the network and carry out necessary security checks and other necessary procedures to register a user on the network.
use server: Performs the logical part of the computer business or a client, accepting instructions To complete the operations of a workstation and serving the results to turn to the work site, while site work performed by the operator interface or GUI portion of the process (ie, presentation logic) required to work properly.
web server: stored HTML documents, images, text files, scripts, and other Web material consists of data (collectively known as content), and distributing content to customers who request it online.
Backup Server: Backup software is network installed and have large amounts of network storage on hard drives or other storage (tape, etc.). available for use to ensure that the loss of a primary server does not affect the network. This technique is also called clustering. Printers
: Many printers are capable of acting as part of a network of computers without any other device, such as a "print server", to act as an intermediary between the printer and the device is requesting a print job to be finished.
Terminal: many networks use this type of equipment instead of jobs for data entry. In these data only exhibit or introduced. This type of terminal, working against a server, which is the one who actually processes the data and sends display data to the terminals.
Other devices: there are many other types of devices that can be used to build a network, many of which require an understanding of advanced concepts of establishing a computer network before they can be easily understood (eg, cubes , routers, bridges, switches, hardware firewalls, etc.).. In home networks and phones that connect consumer electronics devices such as video game consoles are becoming increasingly common.
Authentication Server: It is responsible for verifying that a user can connect to the network at any point of access, either wired or wireless, basandose en el estándar 802.1x y puede ser un servidor de tipo RADIUS.
Servidor DNS: Este tipo de servidores resuelven nombres de dominio sin necesidad de conocer su dirección IP. se trabaja con estrella, anillo maya,arbol,bus
TIPOS DE CANALETAS:
Canaletas tipo escaleras:Estas bandejas son muy flexibles, de fácil instalación y fabricadas en diferentes dimensiones, bajo pedido. Son de uso exclusivo para zonas techadas, fabricadas en planchas de acero galvanizado de 1.5 Mm. y 2.0 Mm. de espesor.Su diseño permite al contratista escoger conductores para instalaciones no entubadas, which means a considerable savings.
CerradaBandeja Type in a "U", used with or without top cover, for installations in the light or ceiling. Used both for electrical, communication data.Este or type of channel has the advantage of go to areas without a roof if you have adequate cover. Made of galvanized sheet steel with thickness and dimensions as specified by the customer . Special Types
can manufacture all kinds of designs and colors especiales.Estas under orders of the type racks can be hung up or attach to the wall and can be drilled for outputs interruptores, toma - corrientes, datos o comunicaciones .La pintura utilizada en este tipo de bandejas es electrostática en polvo, dándole un acabado insuperable.
Canaletas plásticas: Canales ranurados:Facilita y resuelve todos los problemas de conducción y distribución de cables. Se utilizan para fijación a paredes, chasis y paneles, vertical y horizontalmente.Los canales, en toda su longitud, están provistas de líneas de prerruptura dispuestas en la base para facilitar el corte de un segmento de la pared para su acoplamiento con otras canales formando T, L, salida de cables, etc.
Canal salvacables:Diseñado especially to protect and decorate the passage of cables: telephone, electricity , loudspeakers, computers, etc. by soil oficinas.Los of two models of Salvacables have three compartments that differentiate the different circuits .
5. Patch Panels (Patch Panel)
Patch-Panels: These are metal structures with circuit boards that allow interconnection between computers. A Patch-Panel has a certain number of ports (RJ-45 End-Plug), where each port is associated with a circuit board, which in turn spreads in small plugs of bristles (or teeth - referred to above). In these connectors is where sows striking the cables from the boxes or other Patch Panels. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe Patch-Panel in addition to following standards networks, is to structure and manage the cables that connect computers on a network, a better way. To strike out the bristles of a twisted pair cable in the Patch-Panel Crimp is used as the standard for use cajetines.El Patch-Panels, Cables boxes and is as follows:
Connects a cable or RJ- 45 (Plug-End) from one machine to the port (Jack-End) of the housing. Care should be taken with this because the cable can be crossed or not.
of the internal timing of the housing are connected to another wire bristles the timing of the Patch-Panel. The cable passes through previously placed gutters.
The external port patch panels (Jack-End) is placed a short cable to the hub or switch .
a rack (or metal bracket): A structure very tough metal, typically a square of about 3 m high by 1 m wide, where teams are placed signal regenerators and Patch-Panels these are adjusted to the rack on its side holes with screws. Components of a Rack
Bases and aluminum structures drilled.
Organizers gear tray vertical
Multitake protected Trays
peak battery trays
servers
CerradaBandeja Type in a "U", used with or without top cover, for installations in the light or ceiling. Used both for electrical, communication data.Este or type of channel has the advantage of go to areas without a roof if you have adequate cover. Made of galvanized sheet steel with thickness and dimensions as specified by the customer . Special Types
can manufacture all kinds of designs and colors especiales.Estas under orders of the type racks can be hung up or attach to the wall and can be drilled for outputs interruptores, toma - corrientes, datos o comunicaciones .La pintura utilizada en este tipo de bandejas es electrostática en polvo, dándole un acabado insuperable.
Canaletas plásticas: Canales ranurados:Facilita y resuelve todos los problemas de conducción y distribución de cables. Se utilizan para fijación a paredes, chasis y paneles, vertical y horizontalmente.Los canales, en toda su longitud, están provistas de líneas de prerruptura dispuestas en la base para facilitar el corte de un segmento de la pared para su acoplamiento con otras canales formando T, L, salida de cables, etc.
Canal salvacables:Diseñado especially to protect and decorate the passage of cables: telephone, electricity , loudspeakers, computers, etc. by soil oficinas.Los of two models of Salvacables have three compartments that differentiate the different circuits .
5. Patch Panels (Patch Panel)
Patch-Panels: These are metal structures with circuit boards that allow interconnection between computers. A Patch-Panel has a certain number of ports (RJ-45 End-Plug), where each port is associated with a circuit board, which in turn spreads in small plugs of bristles (or teeth - referred to above). In these connectors is where sows striking the cables from the boxes or other Patch Panels. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe Patch-Panel in addition to following standards networks, is to structure and manage the cables that connect computers on a network, a better way. To strike out the bristles of a twisted pair cable in the Patch-Panel Crimp is used as the standard for use cajetines.El Patch-Panels, Cables boxes and is as follows:
Connects a cable or RJ- 45 (Plug-End) from one machine to the port (Jack-End) of the housing. Care should be taken with this because the cable can be crossed or not.
of the internal timing of the housing are connected to another wire bristles the timing of the Patch-Panel. The cable passes through previously placed gutters.
The external port patch panels (Jack-End) is placed a short cable to the hub or switch .
a rack (or metal bracket): A structure very tough metal, typically a square of about 3 m high by 1 m wide, where teams are placed signal regenerators and Patch-Panels these are adjusted to the rack on its side holes with screws. Components of a Rack
Bases and aluminum structures drilled.
Organizers gear tray vertical
Multitake protected Trays
peak battery trays
servers
RJ-45 Connector RJ-45 Jack.
The RJ-45 is a physical interface commonly used to connect networks of structured cabling (categories 4, 5, 5e, 6 and 6a). RJ is an acronym English of Registered Jack which in turn is part of the Federal Code of Regulations United States. It has eight " pins" or electrical connections, typically used as endpoints twisted pair cables.
is commonly used standards such as TIA/EIA-568-B , which defines the layout of the pins or wiring pinout .
A common application is its use in Ethernet network cables , which are commonly used 8-pin (4 pairs). Other applications include mobile endings (4-pin or 2 pairs), for example in France and Germany, other network services as ISDN and T1 and even RS-232 .
TX + data +
Transceive
White - Green White
- Orange
White - Orange
White - Green
2 TX-
Transceive data -
Green
Orange
Orange
Green
3
RX +
Receive data +
White - Orange
White - Green
White - Green
White - Orange
4
BDD + Bi-directional data
+
Azul Azul
White Blue - Brown
5
BDD-
Bi-directional data -
White - Blue
White - Blue
White - Blue Brown
6 RX-
Receive data -
Naranja
Verde
Verde
Naranja
7
BDD+
Bi-directional data +
Blanco - Marrón
Blanco - Marrón
Blanco - Marrón
Azul
8
BDD-
Bi-directional data -
Marrón
Marrón
Marrón
Blanco - AzulCable directo
El cable directo de red sirve para conectar dispositivos desiguales, como un computador con un hub o switch . En este caso ambos extremos del cable deben tener la misma distribución. No no difference in connectivity between 568B and distribution distribution 568A provided at both ends use the same, otherwise we speak of a crossover cable.
The most widely used scheme in practice is having on both ends of the distribution 568B. Direct Wire 568
Direct Cable 568B
crossover cable:
A crossover cable is a cable that connects all output signals on a connector with input signals in the other connector , and vice versa, allowing two electronic devices connected together with a full duplex communication . The term refers - usually - the Ethernet crossover cable , but other cables may follow the same principle. It also allows reliable transmission via an ethernet connection.
The crossover cable used to connect two equal devices, such as 2 computers together so that the colors are arranged so as not to necessitate the presence of a hub. Currently most hubs or switches support crossover cables to connect. Some network cards do not care that they connect a crossover cable or normal, they themselves are configured to use PC-PC or PC-Hub/switch.
To create a crossover cable to work in 10/100baseT, one end of the distribution should be 568A and one 568B. To create a crossover cable that works 10/100/1000BaseT, one end of the distribution cable must be Gigabit Ethernet (variant A), like the 568B, and one Gigabit Ethernet (variant B1
For RJ45 connectors that all work on any network cables, it follows a standard when making connections. The two ends of the cable (UTP Category 4 or 5) take an RJ45 connector with the colors in the order shown in the figure.
To using a hub or switch, there are two standards, the most used is the B, in both cases the two sides of the cable are the same:
Norma A White
Green White Orange Green Blue
White Blue White Brown Orange
Standard B
Brown White Orange Green White
Orange Blue Green
White Blue White Brown Brown
Computer connection between hubs, switches, routers , etc.
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