Chmod Command
this command to change file permissions . There are two ways to use it: ->
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chmod 777 chmod 777 myfile myfile
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Or this: ->
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chmod g + x chmod g + x myfile myfile
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In the first case we add permissions octal form, while in the second we use the notation with lyrics. In the example we add the permission to run the group owning the file. We may use + or-to other users, g +, g-to add or remove permissions on the group, and u +, u-User permissions for owner, followed by the letter r (read) w (write) x (execute). Chown Command
this command to change the owner of a file and can be used as follows -> popup
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chown-R nuevopropietario / PathToFile chown - R nuevopropietario / PathToFile
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chgrp chgrp command changes the group owner of the file or directory. ->
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chgrp newGroup / chgrp PathToFile newGroup / PathToFile
-> Command Du
Displays disk usage of each File and directory (including subdirectories). ->
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du du
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If you want to view only the total size of all files and directories in a folder you can use this command: ->
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du total du-ch-ch grep grep total
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Grep Command This command is indispensable. Used to search for text strings within a file or within another string. For example these three statements will return the number of directories that exist in the current directory. (Ls is to list all files and directories and wc-l to count the number of lines ->
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ls-l grep d wc-l ^ ls grep-l wc-l ^ d
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In this example we can see the number of times the root user is connected. For example if you open different operating system shells at a time. (WHO returns a string all users connected) -> popup
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wc-l grep root root Who wc-l grep
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command grep supports regular expressions is what makes it really powerful, even if regular expressions are added things get complicated. Suppose you have a file called test_file with the following information: ->
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print dir file 15kb 27kb
27/07/2007 26/07/2007
dualco 1kb dir 26/07/2007 27/07/2007
15kb 27kb file 1kb 26/07/2007 26/07/2007
dualco
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And we just want to show us the lines that start with the letter d. This would be the solution to the grep command using regular expressions. ->
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grep \\ '^ [d] \\' test_file grep \\ '^ [d] \\' test_file
-> Command Head
Returns the first lines of a given text. This example would return the first 10 lines of the file. ->
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print head-n 10 n 10 head-file.c file.c
-> Kill Command
This command is useful to stop a process. You typically use the ps command to find the PID (Process ID or process ID number) and then kill to 'kill' ->
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kill kill 174541 174541
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Where this number is the PID of the process.
Sometimes using this command will stop the process. In this case we use the parameter to give more priority -9 ->
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kill -9 kill -9 174 541 174 541
-> Locate
This
Command command to locate the path of a file in linux to know where it is stored. It can be faster because it stores that find routes in a database. It is especially useful when you know the name of the program but do not remember the route.
is necessary to update the index with the updatedb command to reindex the new files. ->
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updatedb updatedb locate file locate file
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If you only want to display 5 results you can use this command: ->
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locate "*. h"-n 5 locate "*. h"-n 5
-> ls
Command Command indispensable. Used to list the files and directories in a folder. ->
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ls / home / root / ls / home / root /
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The parameters used for this function are possible "-la" . Because it shows detailed information about each file and directory (including hidden files): ->
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ls-la / home / root / ls-la / home / root /
-> Command
man
This command is used to call the Linux User and ask about a specific command. ->
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man man NOMBRECOMANDO
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NOMBRECOMANDO If there is, we open the application MAN with any information regarding this command, all your options and explanations. This command is essential to further the use of Linux.
Once the application is within man, or quit by pressing ESC and then typing: q
Some commands accept the - help to show information about your options. We can use this method to avoid having to call a man. ->
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NOMBRECOMANDO - help commandname - help
-> Command Tail
This command is used to visualize the final part of a document (in English significant tail queue.) It can be used in many cases, for example, suppose we have an error log of Apache web server that takes several GB. Display them using the cat command error_log is not a good idea, and less if you just want to see a recent error is in the final lines of the file. In this case this instruction would be nice to us we will print the last 50 lines of the error_log file. ->
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tail error_log error_log tail-n 50-n 50
-> Command
ps ps command gives a snapshot of all processes that are running at any given time. View Top command to display real-time processes.
Although there are many options to filter and sort the processes displayed by this command, possibly the most often used ->
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ps aux ps aux
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With these parameters are formatted process by showing the most important attributes. Sometimes this command is often used together with grep to find a particular process ->
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ps aux grep "nombredelproceso" ps aux grep "nombredelproceso"
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To stop a process use the Kill command, also explained on this page. Command
Top
shows all the activity of processes that are running in real time. And various information system, uptime, memory, etc ->
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print top top
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command to stop the press control + c.
It has many options to order according to our preferences. If while running you press the shift key + m is sorted by the processes that take up more memory. Uptime Command
shows the time that has elapsed since the system opened. ->
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uptime uptime ->
addition also shows users that are Connected to the computer at that moment and the load averages over 1, 5 to 15 minutes.
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