O.p. Agarwal Chemistry

Processing devices

Processing Devices

Microprocessor: The microprocessor as the brains of the computer. Is responsible to perform almost all operations and calculations that allow the computer to run the various tasks, depending on the running program. It is, therefore, the core device of the machine, which defines the speed, power generation and processing system, so a next-generation microprocessor is often more powerful and faster than previous generations.

Motherboards: Just as a brain man is useless by itself, a single microprocessor is but one piece of silicon no function. To do its job, this circuit requires the support of various peripherals, precisely, the motherboard is the bridge that connects it all. In turn, the motherboard integrate various resources that support data processing and communication with external devices in the system, for example, the communication bus between the microprocessor and RAM memory , connection interfaces with the storage media, communication controllers for the expansion slots, the controller for handling graphics on the monitor etc.
In early computers, the majority of devices for specific functions had to be added externally via the expansion slots, however, thanks to advances in circuit integration techniques have been included basic peripherals on the same motherboard design, hence they are considered as the type of "all in one", they include video drivers, sound drivers, circuits fax - modem and network controller. That is why it has greatly simplified PC system assembly, as almost sufficient to install the chip on the motherboard, RAM and add some external components (keyboard, mouse and monitor), to obtain a fully functional computer.

RAM: To perform complex computer operations, the microprocessor requires a constant flow of input data (instructions and parameters) and output (results). The RAM serves as temporary storage for data that this circuit takes (such as those provided by the user) and issues (and processor). The video card one (1) and zeros (0) which sends microprocessor are converted by the video card information is displayed on the monitor.

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Devices Input / Output ISC

Devices Input / Output

are those that enable communication between computer and user . Input Devices

are those used to enter data into the computer for processing. The data are read from the input devices and stored in main memory or internal. The input devices convert information into electrical signals that are stored in memory central.

KEYBOARD an alphanumeric keyboard is used primarily as a vo devices for r intro text. The keyboard is an effective device to enter data as labels graphic image associated with a display of graphics. The keyboards can also be offered with features that facilitate the entry of coordinates of the screen, menu selections and functions of graphs.

MOUSE is an electronic device that allows us to give instructions to nu strategic computer through a cursor on the screen and clicking to to perform an action. As the mouse wheel on the desktop, mail, the cursor (pointer) on the screen does the same. Such a procedure will control, aim, hold and manipulate various graphical objects (and text) into one program.


SCANNERS is a unit of data entry. Allows the introduction of Img enes the computer graphics through a dot matrix system, as a result of optical scanning of the document. The information is stored in files as bitmaps (bit maps), or other more efficient formats such as JPEG or GIF.


MICROPHONES Microphones are transducers * responsible for transforming energy accumulated acoustic to electrical energy, enabling therefore the recording, storage, transmission and electronic processing of audio signals. Devices are dual speakers, both transducers constituting the most significant elements in terms of sound patterns that superimposed on the audio signals.

PEN OPTICAL is a unit of data entry works coupled to a photosensitive screen.

Output Devices

are the ones who can represent the results (output) data processing. The typical output device or monitor screen. Other output devices include printers (print results on paper), plotters (plotters), speakers, among others ...


MONITOR: most common output devices of computers with which or processors / users see information on screen. He also received the names of CRT, screen or terminal. Computer distinction between the "monitor", which includes all the equipment which produces images, and the "screen", which is just the area where we see the images. Thus, the output device is the entire monitor, not just the screen.

PRINTER: As the name implies, the printer is a peripheral that the orderly ordinator used to present information in paper form. The first printers were born many years before the PC and even before the monitors, being for years the most common method for presenting the results of the calculations in those early computers, a breakthrough on the cards and punch tape that were used to then.

SPEAKERS: Every time the computer uses more sound management, for which used as some sort of speaker output. Some speakers are tables, similar to that of any other instrument sounds and are portable (headphones). There are many different models, according to its design and capacity in watts they have.

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reticulum storage devices

Storage Devices

What are the devices?
The devices are definable regimes, with their variations and transformations. Have lines force that cross thresholds in terms of which are aesthetic, scientific, political, etc. When the force on a device instead of entering a linear relationship with another force, turns on itself and affects not the question is not power, but a process of individuation on groups or individuals that eludes established power relations as constituted knowledge.

Classification of Storage Devices .

storage devices can be classified according to the mode of access to the data they contain:

sequential access: In the sequential access, the reading element of the device must pass through the space occupied by all previously stored data to physical space occupied by the stored data that compose the set of information to which access is desired.

Random Access: In random access mode, the scan element can directly go to the address where the information is stored physically to be located without having to pass through to the stored between the principle of the recording surface and the point where it stores the information sought. Types Storage Devices

ROM Memory: This memory is read-only, and is used to store the program initiation basic system, installed at the factory. This program enters function as the computer is turned on and their first function is to recognize the devices (including working memory) devices.

RAM: This is called random access memory is, as you can read rse can also be written in it, has the characteristic of being volatile, ie only operates while the computer is turned on. It is stored both instructions need to run the microprocessor and the data you enter and want to process, and the results obtained from this.

Auxiliary Memory: By the very nature of using the ROM and RAM management, various storage media, the most common are: hard disk, floppy disk or Floppy, etc ...

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MRTES MAY 27
We meet to discuss the project after we started searching on the time server packages went down because it was easier in Linux then we started to read the information we got off the Internet but we had to download another Server package. And customer and we had a little problem because we knew that more was not what we had to configure were talking with a teacher and always told us that is compiled and it never worked with the time server.
MAYOES MIEERCOLES28 OF FTP
We trying to show how to set up and practice as an installation and about users who have to go in service after we met to discuss the services after they told us was about to deliver the project. JUEVES29
MAY. We
with FTP such as creating users and passwords and any doubts we had. FRIDAY 30 MAYA We meet again to lose time server (NTP) to set it again with the help of another colleague and configure the server with a command that we got the Internet and the client got on another computer, but had another problem and could not answer. TUESDAY, JUNE 3

First we got to solve the problem, the server brought us down time after the talkative bindy DNSpico / etc. / binb / named / Conf / undoubted etc. / binb / named / .conf. Optonhfile "ect / binb / dd.local / server is in addr arpa raízetc./binb/dd.local/zone127 zonainversa fide bind; ns relates DNSns name server address IPzona" redomay "file" / etc. / binb / ddderma "lete / binb # cp ddlocal redmay # dd dd peak in are redmay redmay @. com. redmay.com Root redmay.com ns @ in @ in a mail 192.168.1.1correo in redmay. com.Correoin to 192.168.1.2 WWW in a192.268.1.5ftp in to 192.168.1.4.
JUNE MARTES3
We made experiments on the service such as FTP, DNS, DHCP.
4DE WEDNESDAY JUNE
Today we do not make anything special of the server since we were in the exhibition network, the vlan and beyond that the explanation of the installation and configuration DNS. THURSDAY 5 JUNE
We met to solve a problem we have on the server of the time but it was not our day after we met him have to explain about the park and made some passwords FTP does not. MONDAY 9 JUNE

Consider Cisco documentation and submit their respective evolution, then got on the tenoparque for exposing the web server but not done. TUESDAY 10 JUNE
Today
install ftp servers and web server, the DNS in Linux and bhcp in the router, because the teacher gave us this activity. WEDNESDAY 11 JUNE

Estivas making a web page where you have content on Web services ftp DNS bhcp. and respect for information. JUNE JUEVES12

was mounted network and do a LAN and we ended up making the WEB page. FRIDAY 13 JUNE

We test cisco chapter 2
MONDAY 16 JUNE
Terms on the network because we have to mount all mounted on a service and a website vlan page should serve FTP and DNS bhcp in the router and it worked like a charm all services. TUESDAY 17 JUNE

We test cisco chapter 3. we also did an evolution of a network where the teacher hurt assemble all the services they each had to leave the network as it was configured without errors and that all services work fine without errors. WEDNESDAY 18 JUNE

They finished the evaluation of the network to perform. THURSDAY 19 JUNE

were studying the module of cisco chapter 4. FRIDAY 20 JUNE

We test and explained cisco web. Saturday, 21 June

We were installing the proxy where I learned how it is configured and learned to understand many mistakes I could not understand. MONDAY 23 JUNE

perform a network where we had to set up a web and ftp services like Linux and configure the router
bhcp. TUESDAY 24 JUNE

continue the network and estudiamos para cisco del capítulo 5.
MIERCOLES 25 DE JUNIO
Tuvimos un problema con la red y no pudimos solucionar el problema.
JUEVES 26 DE JUNIO
Seguimos solucionando el problema que tenia la red y después me puse a instalar proxy en Windows y nos quedamos para montando la red del proyecto.
VIERNES 27 DE JUNIO
Estuvimos montando al guano servicios y estudiamos para cisco. Y nos reunimos para terminar montando la red y otros servicios.
SABADO 28 DE JUNIO
Terminamos de montar los servicios como los tres ftp uno en enjaulamiento y otro como usuario y el otro como aseso anónimo. Y realizamos la evaluación de capitulo 5

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PROJECT ANALYSIS MODEL FTP SERVER TIME

El siguiente modelo representa el diagrama de un FTP service.

In the model, the protocol interpreter (PI) user initiates the control connection on port 21. Standard FTP commands are generated by the IP user and transmitted to the server process via the control connection. The standard responses are sent from the IP of the server to user IP control connection in response to orders.
These orders specify parameters for the FTP data connection (data port, transfer mode, representation type and structure) and the nature of the operation on the file system (store, retrieve, add, delete, etc.). The data transfer process (DTP) user or other process in place, you should wait until the server starts the connection to the specified data port (port 20 in active mode or standard) and transfer data according to the parameters specified.
We also see in the diagram that the communication between client and server is independent of file system used on each computer so that no matter what operating systems are different, because the entities that communicate with each other are the IP and the DTP, using the same standard protocol FTP.
also noticed that the data connection is bidirectional, ie can be used simultaneously to send and receive, and do not have to exist throughout the duration of the FTP connection .

FTP Server An FTP server is a special program that runs on a server computer usually connected to the Internet (although it can be connected to other types of networks, LAN, MAN , etc.). Its function is to allow the exchange of data between servers / computers.
usually FTP server programs not usually found in personal computers, so that a user typically will use FTP to connect remotely to one and thus exchange information with him.
The most common application servers FTP is often the hosting , in which customers use the service to upload your web pages and their corresponding files, or as a backup server (backup) of important files you may have a business. To do this, there are FTP communication protocols to transmit encrypted data, such as SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol). FTP Client

When a browser is not equipped with the FTP, or if you want to upload files to a remote computer, you need to use an FTP client program. An FTP client is a program that is installed on the user's computer, which uses the FTP protocol to connect to a server FTP and transfer files, either for download or upload.
To use an FTP client, you need to know the name of the file, the computer on which it resides (server, for downloading), the computer you want to transfer the file (if we want to upload to the server ), and the folder where you are.
Some basic FTP client in console mode are integrated into operating systems, including Windows, DOS, Linux and Unix. However, customers are available and added GUI options. Although many browsers are already integrated FTP is more reliable when connecting to anonymous FTP servers use a client program.
Anonymous access
anonymous FTP servers offer their services free to all users, allow access to their files without having a 'USERID' or a user account. It is the most comfortable out of the web service to allow everyone to have access to certain information and who do a system administrator has to create an account for each user . If a server has
service 'anonymous FTP' just by typing the word "anonymous" when prompted for your user have access to that system. You need no default password, but you will have to enter one just for that moment, usually tends to use the email address itself.
this is achieved only with access to FTP files, but with fewer privileges than a normal user. Normally you can only read and copy existing files, but not modify or create new ones.
User Access
If you want to have access privileges to any part of the FTP server file, modifying existing files, and our own ability to upload files, it is generally performing using a user account. On the server saves the information from different user accounts can access it, so that FTP log must enter a login and password that uniquely identifies us
Guest Access
Unrestricted access to the server that provides user accounts involves security issues, which has led to a FTP access third type called guest (guest), which can be viewed as a mixture of the two.
The idea of \u200b\u200bthis mechanism is as follows: This is to allow each user to connect to the machine using your login and password, but prevent access to parts of the file system does not need to do their jobs, so access a restricted environment, something very similar to what happens in the anonymous access, but with more privileges.

client connection modes

FTP FTP supports two modes of client connection. These modes are called active (or Standard, or PORT, because the client sends PORT commands to the server type for the control channel to establish connection) and Passive (or PASV, because in this case sends PASV command). Both Active mode and Passive mode, the client establishes a connection to the server using port 21, which establishes the control channel.

Active Mode In active mode, the server always creates the data channel on your port 20, while client-side data channel is associated with a random port greater than 1024. To do this, the client sends a PORT command to the server for control channel indicating that port number, so that the server can open a data connection where files are transferred and tier two, on the specified port.

passive mode when the client sends a PASV command over the control channel, the FTP server opens an ephemeral port (either between 1024 and 5000) and informs the FTP client, in this so, whether the client who connect to that server and port is not necessary to accept random connections unsafe for data transfer.
before each new transfer, both in the active mode and the liability, the client must send back a control command (PORT or PASV, after the manner in which it is connected), and the server will receive the data connection a new random port (if in passive mode) or port 20 (if it is in active mode). 'Text in italics

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Types FTP file transfer

is important to know how we transport a file over the network. If you do not use these options can destroy information on file. So, when you run the FTP application, we must remember to use one of these commands (or put the appropriate option in a program with graphical interface): ascii

° Type Suitable for transferring files containing only printable characters (ASCII files, not files resulting from a word processor), for example HTML pages, but not the images contained therein.
binary
° Type This type is used when dealing with compressed files, executables for PC, images, audio files ...
Examples of how to transfer some file types depending on its length:

Examples Of A Welcome Speech

NTP is
protocol among the oldest Internet protocols (1985), used for synchronizing clocks of computer systems across networks, using packet switching (units of information transported between nodes over data links shared) and variable latency (time delay between the moment something starts and when its effect begins). NTP was originally designed and is being maintained, by Dave Mills of the University of Delaware.
The service works through port 123, only UDP.
strata.
NTP uses a hierarchical system of clock strata.
Stratum 0: are devices such as GPS clocks or radio clocks, which are not connected to networks, but computers.
Stratum 1: systems are synchronized to stratum 0 devices. Systems of this layer are referred to as time servers.
Stratum 2: systems to send their requests NTP stratum 1 server, using the Marzullo algorithm to obtain the best data sample, ruling that appear to provide incorrect information and data sharing systems in the same stratum 2.
systems this layer act as servers for Stratum 3. Stratum 3
: systems using functions similar to the stratum 2, serving as servers for stratum 4.
Stratum 4: systems using functions similar to those in stratum 3.
About UTC.
UTC (Coordinated Universal Time or Universal Time Coordinated) is a standard high-precision atomic time. Has uniform seconds defined by TAI (International Atomic Time, or International Atomic Time), with leap seconds announced additional or at irregular intervals to compensate for the slowdown in the Earth's rotation and other discrepancies. These extra seconds allow UTC to be almost on par with the Universal Time (UT, or Universal Time), which is another standard but
Procedures. Ntpdate tool

A simple way to synchronize your system clock with any time server is via ntpdate. It is a tool similar to rdate, and is used to set the system date and time using NTP. The following example performs a query NTP directly, using an unprivileged port (option-u, very useful if there is a firewall that prevents the output) to the server
2.pool.ntp.org.
ntpdate-u 2.pool.ntp.org
configuration file / etc / ntp.conf.
operating systems like Red Hat ™ Enterprise Linux 4 and CentOS 4, includes a configuration file / Etc / ntp.conf, demonstrative purposes. The recommendation is to support it for future reference, and start a file with a new configuration, the same as described below .
# It sets the default policy for any
# server time used: it allows synchronization
# of time to the sources, but without allowing the source
# check (noquery) or modify the Service in
# system (nomodify) and declining to provide
# log messages (notrap). Restrict default
nomodify notrap noquery

# Allow all access to the loopback interface of
# system.
restrict 127.0.0.1

# It allows local network to synchronize with the server without allowing
# modify
# system settings, and without using them as peers to synchronize.
restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 # nomodify notrap

undisciplined local clock.
# This is an emulated driver that is used only as
# backup when none of the actual sources are
# available.
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10 server 127.127.1.0


# File of variations.
driftfile / var / lib / ntp / drift
broadcastdelay 0,008

# key file in case they were needed for consultations

# keys / etc / ntp / keys

# List of time servers stratum 1 or 2.
# You should have at least 3 servers listed.
# More servers:
# http://kopernix.com/?q=ntp
# http://www.eecis.udel.edu/ ~ mills / ntp / server servers.html
0.pool.ntp. org
1.pool.ntp.org
server server 2.pool.ntp.org

# Permits to be allocated for each time server.
# In the examples, not allowed to view source or
# modify the service on the system or send e-
# registration. 255,255,255,255 mask
0.pool.ntp.org restrict nomodify notrap noquery
1.pool.ntp.org restrict mask 255,255,255,255 nomodify notrap noqueryrestrict 2.pool.ntp.org 255,255,255,255 mask nomodify notrap noquery
Add service boot.
To make the ntp service is active with the next system boot in all run levels (2, 3, 4 and 5) is used following
chkconfig ntpd on
Start, stop and restart service.
first to run the service, use: service ntpd start

To make your changes after you change the settings to take effect, use:

service ntpd restart To stop the service, use:
service ntpd stop

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TO INSTALL

Home

control panel add and remove programs
add and remove windows components
here we srvidor of aplicacionnes and without selecting the eheck bax, we pointed out and we click Details, then install Internet Information Services (LLS) selecionamos it without checking the check box and click and give details. There chebok selecionamos the box for internet service Administardor sever information (default) the common file check box seactiva) tabi sevice activate file transfer protocol (ftp) and we click accept and next, when we ask instalaccion insert the cd, according to the OS.

and we have installed our FTP

TO SET-

Incio - to two programs, Administrative Tools and select Internet aministrador information sevice (lls) FTP
In the window that appears (console) proceed to configure our server:
deployed on the left side of the display server. There appears a folder called FTP sites, also deployed, we get a default FTP site, we give you right click and then properties. In this window you can change the tab cibicón des FTP site. also assign an IP address (remember that for better performance, servers must have a static IP) you can also put the birth which will run our FTP (if default) under the tab "seconds count" You can mark the check box to allow anonymous nexienes in for anyone to enter our FTP site or remove users to only enter the system. In the tab "directory" you can change the local path which is where the files will be hosted FTP. After you use and organize your FTP site you can apply your changes by clicking OK

CREATE USER YOU WANT TO ACCESS YOUR SITE FTP

Home

right-click My Computer click administrator. Deploy local users and groups and give users right click new user and there we give space and click Create.

After creating all the user close all

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FTP COMMANDS HOW TO RECOVER A PASSWORD

Ping:
Check IP level connectivity to another computer TCP / IP send ICMP Echo Request Protocol (Internet Control Message). It shows the reception of messages the corresponding echo request, along with their times return. Ping command is the primary TCP / IP that is used to troubleshoot connectivity, accessibility and name resolution. When used without parameters, ping displays

Parameters:

-t

Specifies that ping continue sending Echo Request messages to the destination until interrupted. To interrupt and display statistics, press CTRL + BREAK. To interrupt and quit ping, press CTRL + C.

- to

Specifies that reverse name resolution is performed on the destination IP address. If successful, ping displays the corresponding host name.

- n count

Specifies the number of request messages echo sent. The default is 4.

l size

Specifies the length, in bytes, of data field echo request message sent. The default is 32. The maximum size is 65,527.

i TTL

Specifies the TTL field of IP header of the Echo Request message sent. The default is the default TTL value of the host. The maximum value of TTL is 255.

- v TOS

Specifies the type of service field (TOS) of the IP header of the message sent Echo Request (available on IPv4 only). The default is 0. TOS is specified as a decimal value between 0 and 255.

- s count

Date option specifies that the Internet IP header is used to record the arrival time of the echo request message and the message corresponding response echo for each hop. The count value must be at least 1 and at most 4. It is necessary to address link-local destination.

-w timeout

Specifies the period of time, in milliseconds, to wait to receive the echo reply message corresponding to a message Echo Request. If you do not receive the echo reply message in the timeout, displays the error message "Timed Out Request." The default timeout is 4000 (4 seconds).

NombreDestino

Specifies the name or IP address of the destination host.

/?

Displays help at the command prompt.

Tracert:

Determines the route taken to a destination by sending messages and ICMPv6 Echo Request Message Protocol Internet control (ICMP) to destination field values \u200b\u200bof time to live (TTL Time to Live ) growing gradually. The path displayed is the list of router interfaces near the side of the routers on the route between the source host and destination. The interface is almost beside the router interface that is closest to the sending host on the route. When used without parameters, Tracert displays help.

Parameters:

-d

Prevents Tracert attempt to resolve the IP addresses of intermediate routers in their names. This can speed up the presentation of results tracert.

- h saltosMáximos

Specifies the maximum number of hops in the path to find the destination. The default is 30 hops.

- w timeout

Specifies the amount of time, in milliseconds, to wait for it to receive the message timeout or ICMP echo reply for an echo request message given. If not received within the timeout period, it shows an asterisk (*). The default timeout is 4000 (4 seconds).

- ?

Help Sample in prompt.

Nslookup:

Displays information that can be used to diagnose the infrastructure of DNS (Domain Name System). To use this tool, you should familiarize yourself with the operation of DNS. The Nslookup command is available only if you installed the TCP / IP.

parameters

- subcommand ...

Specifies one or more commands nslookup as an option on the command line. For a list of subcommands.

-equipoBuscado

Search equipoBuscado information using the default DNS name server now, if none is specified server. To seek a team out of the current DNS domain, append a dot to the name.

- server

Specifies that this server is used as a DNS name server. If you omit - server, will use the default DNS name server.

{ Help

Displays active TCP connections, ports on the computer listening, Ethernet statistics, IP routing table, IPv4 statistics (for IP, ICMP, TCP and UDP) and IPv6 statistics (for IPv6, ICMPv6, TCP over IPv6 and UDP over IPv6). When used without parameters, netstat displays active TCP connections

ESTABLISHED The socket has an established connection

SYN_SENT The socket is trying to initiate a connection

• SYN_RECV A connection request was received by the network
FIN_WAIT1
• The socket is closed, and the connection is finalized
FIN_WAIT2
• The connection is closed, and the socket is waiting for remote connection terminates
• TIME_WAIT The socket is waiting after close to completion of the following packages in the network
• CLOSED The socket is not being used
• CLOSE_WAIT Remote connection has been finalized and is expected to close the socket
LAST_ACK
• The remote connection has been finalized and is expected socket is closed. Waiting for the acknowledgment .
• LISTEN The socket is waiting for any incoming connections
• CLOSING Both sockets have been completed but not yet all data were sent
• UNKNOWN The socket state is not known
• Parameters: -a

Displays all active TCP connections TCP and UDP ports that the computer is listening.

-e

Displays Ethernet statistics such as number of bytes and packets sent and received. This parameter can be combined with-s.

.

-n

Displays active TCP connections, although the addresses and port numbers are expressed numerically and no attempts to identify the names.

- or

Displays active TCP connections and includes the process ID (PID) for each connection. You can find the application based on the PID on the Processes tab of Windows Task Manager. Este parámetro se puede combinar con -a, -n y -p .

-p protocolo

Muestra las conexiones del protocolo especificado en protocolo. En este caso, el protocolo puede ser tcp, udp, tcpv6 o udpv6. Si este parámetro se utiliza con -s para mostrar las estadísticas por protocolo, el protocolo puede ser tcp, udp, icmp, ip, tcpv6, udpv6, icmpv6 o ipv6 .

-r

Muestra el contenido de la tabla de enrutamiento IP. Es equivalente al comando route print.

/

?

Show

Help in the command prompt

Ipconfig:

Displays the current values \u200b\u200bof the network configuration TCP / IP and updates the configuration of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol host) and DNS (Domain Name System). Used without parameters, ipconfig displays IPv6 addresses or IPv4 address, subnet mask subnet and default gateway for all adapters.

Parameters:

/ all

Shows the TCP / IP complete all adapters. Without this parameter, ipconfig displays only the values \u200b\u200bof IPv6 addresses or IPv4 address, subnet mask and default gateway for each adapter. Adapters can represent physical interfaces, such as installed network adapters, or logical interfaces, such as dial-up networking

/

renew [adapter]

Renews DHCP configuration for all adapters (if not specified an adapter) or a special adapter if the Adapter parameter is included. This parameter is only available on computers that have adapters configured to obtain an IP address automatically. To specify an adapter name, type that appears when you use ipconfig without parameters.

/ release [adapter] DHCPRELEASE Send the message to the DHCP server to release the current DHCP configuration and discard the IP address configuration for all adapters (if an adapter is not specified) or for a specific adapter if the Adapter parameter is included . This parameter disables TCP / IP for adapters configured to obtain an IP address automatically. To specify an adapter name, type that appears when you use ipconfig without parameters.

/ flushdns

Clear and reset the service content resolution of the DNS client cache. During DNS troubleshooting, you can use this procedure to discard negative entries in the cache and other dynamically added entries.

/ displaydns

Displays the contents of the resolution service DNS client cache, which includes entries preloaded from the local Hosts file and resource records have been obtained recently for name queries resolved by the team. The DNS Client service uses this information to resolve frequently queried names quickly, before consultation with its configured DNS servers.

/ registerdns

Initiates manual dynamic registration of DNS names and IP addresses configured on a computer. You can use this parameter to troubleshoot DNS name registration or to resolve a dynamic update problem between a client and a DNS server without rebooting the client. The DNS settings of the advanced properties of TCP / IP protocol determine which names are registered in DNS.

/ showclassid adapter

Shows the DHCP class ID for the specified adapter. To see the DHCP class ID for all adapters, use the wildcard asterisk (*) in place of Adapter. This parameter is available only on computers with adapters configured to obtain an IP address automatically.

/ setclassid adapter [idDeClase]

Sets the DHCP class ID for the specified adapter. To set the DHCP class ID for all adapters, use the wildcard asterisk (*) in place of Adapter. This parameter is only available on computers that have adapters configured to obtain an IP address automatically. If you do not specify a DHCP class ID removes the current class ID.

/?

Displays help at the command prompt .

Telnet:

is an application that allows from our site and with the keyboard and the screen of our computer, connect to a remote through network. The important thing is that the connection can be established both a multiuser machine is in our same room or across the world.

-o: establish a Telnet connection to a host computer or a remote server. You can use the full command, open

, or shorten it to just the or
. For example, redmond 44 or connect your computer to a computer named redmond through port 44.

-c

Closing an existing Telnet connection. Can be combined with a host name and port number. For example, c redmond 44 closes the connection to the remote server redmond on port 44.

-display

View the current configuration of the Telnet client. Type

to display a list of current operating parameters. If you are in a Telnet session (ie, is connected to a Telnet server) and want to modify the parameters, press CTRL +] to quit the telnet session. To return to the Telnet session, press ENTER. Operating parameters available son:

•

WILL AUTH

LOCALECHO on

•	WONT AUTH
•	WILL TERM TYPE
•	WONT TERM TYPE
•	LOCALECHO off
	•

-q	Salir de Telnet . September

Set the terminal type for the connection, turn on local echo, set authentication to NTLM, set the escape character and set the record

.

Unset:

Disable local echo or set authentication for the application logon or password

? / Help:

See the Help information.

Arp

Displays and modifies entries in the cache Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) containing one or more tables used to store IP addresses and physical addresses Ethernet or Token Ring resolved. There is a separate table for each Ethernet network adapter or Token Ring installed on your computer. Failure to use parameters, arp displays help.

parameters

-a [

InetAddr] [-NdirecciónDeInterfaz]

Displays current ARP cache tables for all interfaces. To display the ARP cache entry for a specific IP address, use arp-a with the parameter InetAddr where InetAddr is an IP address. InetAddr If not specified, use the first applicable interface. To display the ARP cache table for a specific interface, use the-NdirecciónDeInterfaz in combination with the-a, where IfaceAddr is the IP address assigned to the interface. The-N is case sensitive.

-g [

InetAddr] [-NdirecciónDeInterfaz]

Like-a.

-d

InetAddr [IfaceAddr]

Removes an entry with a specific IP address where IP address is InetAddr. To remove an entry from a table for a specific interface, use the parameter direcciónDeInterfaz, donde direcciónDeInterfaz es la dirección IP asignada a la interfaz. Para eliminar todas las entradas, utilice el carácter comodín asterisco (*) en lugar de direcciónDeInternet.

-s

direcciónDeInternet [direcciónDeInterfaz]

Agrega una entrada estática a la caché ARP que resuelve la dirección IP direcciónDeInternet en la dirección física direcciónEthernet. Para agregar una entrada de la caché ARP para una interfaz específica, utilice el parámetro direcciónDeInterfaz, IfaceAddr where is the IP address assigned to the interface.

/?

Displays help at the command prompt.

ssh:

SSH protocol / secsh born to try and Internet communications were safer, this is achieved eliminating the sending of unencrypted passwords and using encryption all the information being transmitted.

In principle we could think of SSH as a replacement for telnet, rexec and rsh, but the reality is that SSH allows for much more than simple user identification and implementation of programs on remote machines. Through an SSH connection can encapsulate any protocol, and by the ability to create tunnels, both remote and local, we can pass on routers and firewalls.

This paper focuses on OpenSSH, there are other implementations of the SSH protocol, but not all are free (BSD license) or as powerful as it is OpenSSH, a part of mere fact that today, OpenSSH is the SSH protocol implementation more widespread and can operate in a wide range of operating systems and coming pre-installed on nearly all distributions of GNU / Linux.

Parameters:

On the syntax of various commands that are displayed will be noted that the following format:

ssh [options] [user @] machine

Where

ssh is simply the name of the program to run, everything below the name of the program are the parameters which are considered optional brackets may be or may be omitted, for example, user @

is a parameter that indicates the user name to use followed by an at sign, if omitted, will assume a default value (the user is using ssh to run

   ). By contrast, the parameters that are not in brackets are required, as with the parameter    

machine.

syntax may still be more elaborate, as is the case in the following example: scp [options] [[user @] machine:] file ... [[User @] machine:] file Here we see that there are brackets within parameters that are already in brackets, the brackets are more internal, more parameters are optional, for example, you can specify the name a file as "dir / arch.txt", which will assume it is a file on the host from which we sit, but we can also put "equipo.remoto: dir / arch.txt" in this other case we indicating that the file is on your computer with the name equipo.remoto

, finally, we put "manolo@equipo.remoto: dir / arch.txt", to specify that you want to access with the user

manolo to the machine with the name

equipo.remoto

 and file    dir / arch.txt  

.

of this syntax is only noted that the dots mean that the parameter that precedes them may be repeated as many times as necessary in this case, means we can specify multiple files